Compositon of matter for molds and method of making same.



BERNARD 3. GILLIGADT, OE TOLEDG, OHIO.

JQMEOSETIQI'T DYE FOR MOLDS .AkNl METliL'IOD 9F MAKING SAME.

No Drawing.

llrn'etofore in the prior art. of glass manufacturing. iron molds and iron plungers have been used and are used at the present time in the production of what is known as pressed were, and only relatiuely thick and heavy articles of a crude and cheap nature with practically no finish could be produced, such as drinking; glosses, bowls, and the like. it is impossible to manufao ture neat and artistic glass articles with an iron mold and plunger, for the iron mold chills the outer surface and the plunger chills the inner surface of the pressed article and takes away the much desired natural brilliant luster of the glass.

Attempts have been made to cut the desired designs on the outer surface of the article thus produced and. although when out the natural brilliant luster of the glass is restored to the outer surface of the article, the lustrous surface does not show up to advantage on account of the inner chilled and dimmed surface. I

F or a great many years the only Way to produce cut glass designs was by expert cutters who would cut out the entire pattern from glass, which was blown on the end of a. blow pipe. e. method very tedious and ere pensive, and wherein the designs and shapes of the articles were limited to a great extent. By blowing the glass the natural brilliant luster thereof was preserved.

Many attempts were made to reduce the cost of producing cut glass designs which were, at least practically unsuccessful until the invention of one Michael J. Owens, set forth in Patent No. 628,027, dated July it, 1899, which relates to a process of reheating the inner surface of pressed or molded articles t0 bring back the natural brilliancy of the glass. This new process of reheating the inner surface of the article while still Specification of Letters Zretent.

Application filed September 6, 1916.

lntentcd Got. 21, 1919.

Serial No. 118,626.

in the mold is objectionable in that it does not remedy the disadvantages met with in treating the outer surface of the pressed or molded article, and also in that it involves a separate and additional process or number of steps, melts relatively thin molded or pressed articles. and involves a. consequent additional cost in the manufacture of the article. Further, this reheating meltsthe surface of the glassware and frequently results in the production of an article lacking the required smooth finish.

Again, in the field of blown glassware iron molds are used which are provided upon their inner surzaces with a coating of plumcage and fine cork-dust, or fine sawdust, or a mixture of the same, which lining is subjected to considerable heat to cause the lining to adhere to the iron mold. This leaves the inner surface of the mold quite rough and it is necessary for the glass blower to first blow e quantity of glass in the mold to burn and smooth the interior thereof, the gloss thus used being taken from the mold and discarded. It is also necessary for the gloss blower to inject a small quantity or water in the mold to preserve the paste from burning up on account of the heat of the As the mold is made of iron it is necessary that the glassbeing blown be constantly revolved in the mold to prevent chilling of the article. the conversion of the Water to steam within the mold prodiicing the natural luster of the glass upon the surface of the article. It is thus seen that in the production of blown glassware in molds that the field is limited in the shapes and designs imparted to the articles for the reason that the glass being blown must be revolved in the mold to prevent chilling and also to retein the original luster of the glass.

i If designs are desired the article thus blown in the molds must, ofnecessity, be

made thick and heavy so as to withstand the operation of cutters, applied to the article for producing the various designs. It 1s thus practically impossible to produce a relatively thin article ornamented. by olaborate or heavy designs. The present invention has for its objects to provide amold; prws form, plunger or the like composed of such 9;. composition; that m the original molding or pressmg the gums, hydrocarbons, resin oil, etc, swellthe graphite and retort carbon, after being subjected to a drying heat, which results in a mold of high porosity and no available after-process has proved satisfactory in reducing this porosity, in that such materials fail to impart to the mass the quality of density required. I have found that a binder composed of saccharine matter, prepared as hereinafter described, permits perfeet drying of the carbon stuff without swelling and also imparts to the carbon stud the valuable property of contracting under great heat, thus imparting to the graphite a dense condition resulting in high heat conductivity.

The material which I use to incorporate with the pre 'iaijed graphite and carbon powder is the best crystallized lump or cane sugar obtainable, and while crystallized Demerara may be. employed, 1 preferably use lump sugar, as the difierence in the cost of the same as compared with Demerara is slight, and while any lump sugar of the proper grade may be used, I refer to Tates cubes as a standard. are impure, containing besides sugar, acetates and potassium sulfate, calcium phosphate and other undesirable ingredients.

In accordance with my method of preparing the saccharine matter, I take a certain weight of Tates cubes and place them in a boiler of sufficient size to hold four times the quantity of sugar employed, and then I place the boiler with the sugar therein over a moderate fire and allow the sugar to melt gradually, without burning, until it begins'to carbonize. Careful stirring and watching must be exercised so as to prevent the sugar from boiling over and catching fire which, of course, would result in waste.

At 400 F. the sugar loses two equiva lents of water, becomes brown, and cannot then be recrystallized, and in this state, it is known as caramel. 1 preferably heat the sugar to a temperature of about 410 F.

when the third equivalent of water is set free and complete carbonization commences, and in this state, the specific gravity 1S 1.594. When the sugar commences to car-- Molasses and treacle sugar ceases'to rise in the boiler. Small volcanic eruptions covering the surface, bursting and emitting vapors which are caused by the third equivalent of water becoming free is another sign. If any smoke accompanies the vapor, the operation is certainly complete. It is preferable that the process be carried a little too far than not far enough; for in the first case, the caramel is only slightly less adhesive, lead ing to extra pugging, but, in the second case, the carbons consisting of graphite and retort carbons will suffer.

After the sugar has been properly cooked, the boiler is removed from the fire, and hot Water in small quantities is gradually added thereto, the adding of cold water in bulk being somewhat dangerous. W hen adding' the water, the mixture is stirred and a sufiicient amount of water is added to keep the caramel liquid when cold. The caramel liquid is in the form of a golden syrup.

/Vhen required for use the saccharine binder must be diluted with cold water in the approximate proportion of caramel liquid one part and water two parts, thus giving a liquid mixture possessing a slight stickiness when rubbed between the fingers.

After the carbon stuff consisting of the powdered graphite, retort carbon and carbonized sugar, and the saccharine binding agent have been produced in accordance with the methods above described, these substances are mixed, and the mixture is treated in the following manner to form a composition from which a mold may be produced. The carbon stuff is taken out of the storage bins and a charge of the same placed in asuitable pug-mill, suflicient liquid caramel being added durin the stirring operation to form a paste. A tor the composition is so formed, it is taken from the mill and placed in a suitable receptacle which bears the date on which the pugging operation takes place. The different batches are repugged every day until they are ready for the press. A portion of each day may be en'iployed in pugging a fresh mixture, and previous puggings must also have the process repeated daily, each days batches being kept sepadepending rate. In three or four days, somewhat on the temperature, the composition will be brought to a proper condition for forming into molds. The paste will be brought into proper condition in less time if it is placed in a. warm room.

When it is desired to form the paste above described into molds, the paste is worked into a stiff mass which is then placed in a suitable steel or iron mold and subjected by n'ieans of a plunger, or the like, to high hydraulic pressure.

The proportion of graphite admixed with the retort carbon determines the texture of my composition for molds and press forms material and the caramelized sugar, and

' then pugging this admixture.

. 15. The method of making a composition for glass molds and the like which consists 5 in powdering graphite and retort carbon, mixing sugar with the graphite 'and carbon, heating the mixture, to thoroughly carbonize the same, powdering the resultant lumps, melting sugar and subjecting it to atemperature of about 110 F., adding the carbonized sugar and water to the powdered material, pugging the admixture thus formed, allowing the pugged mixture to stand for an interval of'time to cool the same, and then repugging the same.

16. The composition for glass molds and the like herein described, which consists of powdered graphite, retort carbon, carbonized sugar, and a binding agent.

17. The composition for glass molds and the like herein described, which consists of graphite reduced to a flocculcnt powder, gas retort carbon, and a binding agent consisting of caramelized sugar.

18. The composition for glass molds and the like herein described, which consists of foliated Ceylon graphite, gas retort carbon, and a binding agent of caramelized cane sugar.

20.- The composition for glass molds and the like herein described, which consists-of Ceylon foliated graphite three parts, gas retort carbon one part, and sufficient caramelized cane sugar to thoroughly bind the graphite and carbon. I 40 21. The composition for glass molds and the like herein described,-which consists of carbon stufi' composed of graphite, retort carbon and sugar thoroughly carbonized, and a binding agent.

22. The composition for glassmolds and the like herein described, which consists of carbonized carbon stuff composed of graphite, retort carbon and sugar, and a binding agent of caramelized sugar.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BERNARD o. GI-LLIGAN. 

